Matériaux, résonances et interfaces (MRI)

Résumé: We experimentally investigate the impulsive shock propagation caused by an impact into vertically oriented 3D granular packings under gravity. We observe a crossover of wave propagation, from sound excitation at low impact to shock front formation at high impact. One of our findings is a nonlinear acoustic regime prior to the shock regime in which the wave speed decreases with the particle-velocity amplitude due to frictional sliding and rearrangement. Also, we show that the impulsive shock waves at high impact exhibit a characteristic spatial width of approximately 10 particle diameters, regardless of shock amplitude. This finding is similar to that observed in 1D granular chains and appears to be independent of the contact microstructure, whether involving dry or weakly wet glass beads, or sand particles. The final and main finding is that we observe the coexistence of the shock front and the sound waves (ballistic propagation and multiple scattering), separated by a distinct time interval. This delay increases with impact amplitude, due to the increase shock speed on one hand and the decrease of the elastic modulus (and sound speed) in mechanically weakened granular packings by high impact on the other hand. Introducing a small amount of wetting oil into glass bead packings leads to significant viscous dissipation of scattered acoustic waves, while only slightly affecting the shock waves evidenced by a modest increase in shock front width. Our study reveals that shock-induced sound waves and scattering play an important role in shock wave attenuation within a mechanically weakened granular packing by impact. Investigating impact-driven wave propagation through such a medium also offers one way of interrogating a 3D FPUT-like system where nonlinear and linear forces between grains are involved.

Résumé: Building on our previous work on a Hopf resonator that mimics the cochlear amplifier from Reda, Fink, and Lemoult [(2023). Europhys. Lett. 144(3), 37001], we now turn to the fact that the inner ear comprises thousands of such resonators, which interact through coupling mechanisms. To gain insight into these interactions, we investigate the coupling of two acoustic resonators with slightly detuned resonance frequencies, interacting through time-delayed feedback loops. By modulating the gain of the loop and the coupling strength, we demonstrate the emergence of frequency synchronization at low amplitudes and bifurcations leading to desynchronization at higher amplitudes. This tunable non-linear interaction offers insights into resonance phenomena in coupled systems, with potential implications for auditory modeling and complex acoustic systems.